Case voice donors can only solve surface problems Hard drive repair

And hard drives, and programs for their maintenance. Here you will find reviews of the most interesting gadgets, news on the battlefield, many program instructions and step-by-step instructions. When the computer is turned off, bumps and drops may cause the head to stick, while when the computer is turned on, the head will break and cause the surface to become dirty.
You can often hear repeated computer crashes disturbing. The term is too general, there is nothing. Freezing may be related to the motherboard overheating, its failure or other failures in the system. This thoughtful and regular freezing may indicate that the hard drive heads have begun to damage: one or more damages. At the same time, the signal level drops, the disk is recalibrated, it tries to detect the tracks-and the system freezes while the disk is intensively reading service information. At the same time, you can hear the unusual sound made by Winchester. The sound is considered a pass mark. All this will happen when there is a large bad sector without obvious damage to the head. They may damage the hard drive's electronics and power problems. For example, after unconditionally reinstalling the disk from one computer to another, the connector was turned over (this happens). As a result, some microcircuits with strapping components may burn out. Another very typical symptom of a short circuit on the hard disk board is the operation of the power supply protection when the disk is connected. In this case, we are dealing with a possible failure of one of the protection diodes.

They formatted the disk, tried to resize the partition, tried to reinstall the system, and so on. Then the cause of the failure will have to be searched for a long time. Therefore, regardless of the naming reason or the claimed reason, the minimum software diagnosis is still required. We carefully check the condition of the power connector and interface. The contacts may bend, tear, and depress. The soldering of a single sheet may leave the circuit board. All of this can happen due to improper operation: twitching in the loop, just handling roughly when connecting or disconnecting the loop. In the drive, the size of the power connector is larger, so more effort is required. The last defect is barely obvious, so to be sure it exists, you need to shake the connector gently. If there are good reasons to believe that the contact has been broken, all parts must be lubricated with flux and the entire sheet must be welded completely. It is best to use a blower with a thinner nozzle for soldering, but you can also use a soldering iron to carefully and skillfully solder.
Then, we check the contact pad on the board and clean it. You should immediately seize the opportunity to wipe and move the response contacts of the device. Check the board for broken and torn components. If the drive is not installed correctly in the chassis, it may damage the printed wiring. Generally, all components are connected to the hard drive board. There is no blank area on the board. Therefore, the broken part is immediately visible. The rough rough surface is exposed below it. The burnout of the protection diode and microcircuit can also be clearly seen with the naked eye. A characteristic sign of electrical damage to microcircuits is spots on the surface. If you look closely, you will find that this is a small plastic funnel that was knocked down by a micro explosion on the crystal. This defect is very obvious when observing the chip surface under lateral illumination along the tangent. Hard disk drives use suppression diodes (type). The transformer protection + 5 and + 13 power circuits, which conduct in opposite directions, act as Zener diodes and varistors. When the voltage exceeds a predetermined threshold, such a diode turns on like an avalanche. If the force of the pulse is strong and lasts for a long time, the diode will break down, thus avoiding damage to the entire subsequent circuit. Normally, a burned out diode will immediately attract attention, but, just in case, if it seems efficient, you should ring it with a multimeter. They are not found anywhere else, so if the diodes need to be replaced, remove them from the hard drive board. It can be completely removed from the board-its existence does not affect its operation at all, but the possible surge of the power supply voltage will directly enter the microcircuit. On many models, semiconductor fuses are installed on the circuit board; you can also find jumper resistors. These elements are usually burned secretly, and their function can only be checked by measurement. ...If some defects are found and eliminated during the inspection, or no suspicious phenomena are found, you need to assemble the hard drive and start it. For the initial connection, you do not need to connect the interface cable, just use the power supply. You just need to hold the available hard drive in your hand and put it to your ear. After the power is turned on, the sound of the spindle should be heard with increased strength, and the body should slightly jump in the direction opposite to the rotation. Then, within a few seconds, the calibration sounds will be heard clearly: clearly visible sounds, but they should be free of sharp clicks and strong impacts. In the end, the sound should be steady and become monotonous buzzing and rustling. If the sound sequence is different or the intensity and intensity differ greatly, it may indicate a malfunction.

Nothing happens at all-the engine cannot be started after the power is turned on, which usually means that the electronic board is malfunctioning. In this case, the source of the problem can be found in the power supply circuit, motor control circuit, and any circuit related to the processor and microcontroller. It should also be noted that the processor also controls the start of the spindle motor to stabilize its speed. Usually, faulty microcircuits will heat up, so the fingers cannot bear it. To determine the location of the fault, you can further measure the voltage and resistance, you can completely replace the circuit board, or you can re-solder its various components. It is rare that the motor windings will break. In order to identify them, you need to ring the connector contacts with a multimeter. However, if the disk is not spinning, you can hear the sound of trying to start the engine: this is a squeak, a hum of different tones, a squeak-all these sounds can be made by the motor windings because they are provided with a frequency Changing AC voltage. Sticky heads, this usually happens on old hard drives.
If the engine does not start immediately, there is no need to spin the engine.
The engine rotates, and then click to follow, the engine stops. Depending on the model of the hard drive, the model of this hard drive's behavior can be changed. The Seagate hard drive spins in the old hard drive, and then clicks continuously and stops.
Defects and their complexity may vary. The direct cause of these clicks is the cylinder head's attempt to resist the impact of the limiter with a greater magnitude. Usually, after a few attempts, the processor will park the head, thereby stopping the engine. If the stabilization of the spindle speed is caused by reading the servo mark, the motor will stop almost immediately after starting without a click.

If the surface of the board is damaged, nothing can be done. If a loud unpleasant sound is heard when the engine is spinning (perhaps, crackling, grinding, whistling, etc.), the cause is mechanical failure: bearing damage, disk displacement, head separation, and bracket deformation. If the hard drive is working under rumbling and perceptible vibration, it can be read with the hard drive installed in a fixed position or the bearings are deeply cooled. In more severe cases, you can try to rearrange the plate group to another on the repairable spindle assembly. In many cases, listening to the hard drive with your ears open can immediately diagnose the cause of the failure. At the same time, different models emit different sounds, which indicate both the status of the specification and various defects. If the spindle rotates normally, the test will continue. We connect the interface connector and turn on the computer again. When the disk device is recognized, the key-we see if and how the disk is detected in. In the best case, the hard drive is determined by the name in and the standard volume. If this solution does not solve the problem, then the firmware is corrupted-the processor is hung due to a failure while reading information from the disk service area. It is not its own identifier, but the preparation phase-the passport of the drive (the so-called component) has failed. Here you can clearly know whether the hard disk needs hardware repair, or whether it is necessary to test the surface to obtain the disk image. After opening the test drive, it was decided to open and replace the board. Some information can be obtained by polling the hard drive through the terminal using service commands. It is very important to perform all diagnostic operations very carefully, because for long-term diagnosis of a drive with a stuck head, the magnetic coating is damaged, and the stuck bearing may eventually damage the disk. The process is simple, but not always effective. The main problem is that even in one series and one model of hard drive, multiple variants with different firmware versions (so-called hardware revisions) are released. Therefore, if the series, firmware version and board revision match, the replacement will succeed. The matching version is important because some firmware is on the motherboard and some on the disk. Theoretically, it can be re-soldered to the implementation board so that the entire firmware remains in it. But some models are built into the processor chip. In this case, repairing all other components is much easier than carrying the microcircuit in the case. The adaptive programs in the disk are usually stored on the disk, so they are not problematic.
The data about model, series, and version will be applied to the label attached to. Manufacturers use different marking methods, but you can figure it out.
The parameter changes of parts produced in the same factory are minimal. This parameter is important when reinstalling.

For hard drives, the recipient disk and the donor disk have the same "configuration", and the "firmware" value is important. In this kind of hard drive, in order to rearrange the boards, the first row of the master chip mark must be the same.

Winchester may not have firmware version information. You can search for this information using software methods, but because the electronic board is faulty, one must hope for the consistency of the model, the nearby release date, the similar serial number, and the similarity of the chip mark. Solder the flash memory chip from your board to one of the donors. During welding, avoid overheating-the critical temperature is 351°. This is very close to the melting point of the solder, so it is dangerous. To rearrange the boards, you will have to have a complete set of hard drives-this increases the chances of finding a suitable donor disk quickly. The same is true for replacement. If the organization’s hard drive is damaged, the donor must be checked on another computer in the office.
When replacing electronic devices, traps will be trapped in the hands of waiting craftsmen. For example, the spindle is stuck. For a while, the controller tried to start the engine, spin the disk, and then simply burn out from the overload. If the drive is diagnosed, the first thing that comes to mind is that the spindle motor controller is damaged. I immediately thought of completely replacing the board or re-soldering the chip. However, it is very likely that the new board will suffer the same fate as the soldered chip. This means: If you hear a harsh scream after replacing the circuit board, you need to turn off the power immediately without testing the strength of the motor controller. Only after the root cause is eliminated, you can proceed further. The solution to repair the boards is to rearrange them. This is the most typical solution. But you can also perform repairs. The most important thing is to find spare parts: the main source of spare parts is similar circuit boards. First, you can repair the circuit board whose protection diode has burned out. The most successful option for maintenance is when the power protection is triggered immediately when the diode fails. If the power supply does not respond to the current surge in time, the resistor or semiconductor fuse will burn out immediately in front of the transformer. These parts can also be replaced without any problems.
If the body of the rear half shaft explodes, the polarity cannot be determined based on the residue, and it is necessary to trace the wiring from the power connector. The soldered diode should face the power cord and have a label-cathode. You can also look for the exact same board, or find its photo on, and check how the diode is installed. You can simply remove the residual diodes by soldering jumpers instead of fuses. However, it is still best to restore the standard plan. Then, the refurbished hard drive will serve for a long time.

The reasonable part of welding is the spindle motor control microcircuit. The same parts can be found on the same and next series circuit boards.
Winchester and driver chips usually destroy the switch of the preamplifier. In this case, you will have to replace the entire circuit board. Immediately, you will have to change both and the preamp switch to extract data.

If you need to perform any operations inside, you must ensure maximum purity, excellent precision and firmness. Only when the nature of the fault has been determined 101% and the necessary experience and tools are available, does it need to be opened. The filling of the hard drive is a complicated matter and will not forgive errors, so it can only be repaired on the first call-rule out any repeated attempts. The common problems inside the unit are damage and sticking of the magnetic head, the spindle stuck, and the preamplifier-commutator burned out. Therefore, every master should have the skills of spindle wedging and the experience of rearranging.
Hold the disconnected drive and twist it violently several times in the flat surface of the disk. This can help reveal the beginning. However, such tearing may damage the head and cause scratches on the board. The most correct way to repair is to open the so-called. , Then spread your head with your hands, and then gently put it back into the parking area.
To do this, remove the cover, which is secured with screws along the circumference, and screwed into the shaft to secure the screws, which are hidden under the label. After removing the cover, it is necessary to visually check whether the head is located outside the parking area for defects. How do I release the head? Pull out the head spreader and lower the head to the designated parking area.

The emergence of brand-specific equipment is the key to the success of this event. For example, a convenient accessory is a head nurturing tool. The kit consists of a plastic fork placed on a common pole. This universal kit is suitable for discs with different heads and head numbers. If you don’t have branded equipment, you can make simple equipment from plastic bottles yourself. For this, cut into 5 51 pieces. Each strip is bent in the length direction to form a groove. You can use test tubes cut to the same length to make cocktails. Use alcohol or acetone to thoroughly degrease all homemade equipment to avoid leaving any marks and stains on the surface of the printing plate.

Another version of the self-made very convenient device is a breeder bent with a copper wire with a diameter of 0.5-0.8 mm. Such wires can be given any desired shape, and the structure can be easily twisted or welded for rigidity purposes. In this way, you can even make accessories for 4-head discs. The requirements are the same-you need to completely remove the grease from the tool. When the head is placed in the correct position, the device is removed and the disk must be rotated 1-2 revolutions. If the head is not damaged, after closing the cover, the repaired hard drive should be rotated and then initialized. Of course, this hard drive will not work for a long time, but it is enough to copy data. If the hard drive does not work when the cover is closed, it means that the head is damaged-touching the head to the surface of the disk will always have a negative effect. Therefore, after the head is stuck, many craftsmen prefer to replace it without wasting time to start the disk with the head block. According to statistics, in more than half of the cases, the stuck head is damaged. When the head itself is damaged and the preamplifier-commutator fails, the head unit is replaced. To replace the heads, the donor needs to choose the appropriate one for the same series of hard drives with the same number of boards and heads. Sometimes, for certain models, donors must be selected very strictly.
Several types of switches are used, so it is necessary to search for matching values ​​of the donor and recipient site codes. Use tweezers to carefully pry open the plate and separate it from the gasket on the main body. You need to work very carefully without having to bend the circuit that connects the contact set to the host. Then remove the screw securing the top magnet, and then remove it. Since the top plate with magnets is very firmly attracted to the bottom of the system, it can be removed with pliers. The tool must be supported on the edge and work like a lever-so that the cores do not collide with each other. You can also get a special magnet remover equipped with a handle with a powerful handle. In this way, you can not only carefully remove the magnet, but also reinstall it with minimal risk.
When removing the magnet, it is important not to move the head. The head must stay in its parking area. After removing the magnet, the coil, bearing and shaft will open. The magnetic head can be removed more easily by using a special removable holder.
: The hole through which the center screw passes. Wrap the cap puller under the head support and gently push it away. Keep your head above the parking lot. Then rotate the puller with the head fixed and carefully remove it from the outside of the board. The structure was carefully removed from above.
Without removing it from the puller, the head must be inspected under a microscope or magnifying glass. Therefore, you will find damage that is invisible to the naked eye. If such damage is found, the head must be replaced. Remove the head block from the holder. Then remove the set of donor heads with the fixator that needs to be released. The disassembly method is the same, and the magnetic head is also removed. In the holder, the donor head was installed in the hard drive to be repaired without removing the holder. Enter the parking lot carefully. The fixing fork moves away from under the top cover and must be held carefully. The head was gently lowered to the parking area. Then, we turn the latch to bring its lever beyond the boundary of the board, and then remove it. Tighten the screws that secure the shaft of the head block in the main body. We put the magnetic circuit in an appropriate position and put a magnet on it. We wrap the fasteners with screws. Put the cover in place and tighten the screws evenly. If you don’t have a special puller for rearranging and removing the head, you can also make a homemade device. These are the same flattened and cut along the plastic cocktail tube. The working principle of homemade tools is the same. Lift the head support with tweezers and place a homemade plastic groove under it. Someone successfully used the bag on tracing paper or photographic film. The most important thing is that the trays must be separated at the same time, which is difficult to do on disks with a large number of heads.

Small bearings carry large plates on long spindles. At a huge rotation speed, there are very strict requirements on the axial and radial runout, and you can imagine what huge load is transmitted to it. Therefore, the bearing design is considered minimal. In order to keep the lubricant on the surface and distribute it evenly, channels (usually 3 channels) are cut out on the surface with complex shapes, and then laser engraved. Due to these irregularities, a very thin oil film is formed between the bushing and the shaft-which is why the bearing is called a hydrodynamic bearing.

The spindle with the sleeve is inserted into the main body from the outside. Then press the lock washer (used as the lower support cover) into the hole, and weld the connection with the cover. Therefore, it is useless to disassemble the spindle assembly. The most advantageous option is to grasp the bearing surface or the heel of the shaft. Here, the lock washer at the bottom of the bearing housing can be removed without opening. The shaft can then be released. If jamming occurs on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve or shaft, the spindle will not rotate even if you use pliers. In this case, the bearing will be permanently damaged. In this case, there is only one solution-use working bearings and motors to rearrange the printing plate components into. When rearranging, the insertion and centering of the board must be maintained as accurately as possible, so this process is one of the most difficult. In this case, the shaft will not be clamped or seized. This defect is typical for hard drives; it occurs due to overheating of the disk. To solve this problem, you can heat the body where the bearing seat is located to 101°C. Since the thermal expansion coefficient of the shaft and the cup-shaped material are different, the stuck main shaft is released and data can be read from the disk. Put Winchester upside down and heat the bearing with a hair dryer. You can then power up the disk-it will spin and be calibrated. This process can only be considered as a temporary solution to the problem, because as it cools, the shaft will wedged again. The heating procedure must be repeated until all the information has been read, but no more than 3-5 hours is usually sufficient. If the shaft is stuck, you can use the method of removing the support washer. The circular weld is ground to a depth of 1 mm with a drill or fine powder. After cutting off the welding, just press in the support washer. After that, drill two holes with a diameter of 1.5–2 and a depth of up to 3 in the support washer. A special fork-shaped key is inserted into the hole. You can fork it out with a flat-head screwdriver. Use the key to open the lock washer and pull it out of the socket. After that, the end surface of the spindle with the bearing sleeve is exposed. However, hard drives now only work in one position-tolerable. The hole at the top must be sealed with tape to prevent dust from entering. If the bearing is not wedged in this way, you still have to reinstall the plate in the other. When used, it largely depends on skills, strategies for correct planning, experience, and availability of suitable tools. Therefore, craftsmen need to soberly evaluate their strengths and abilities, and do not hesitate to redirect customers to more experienced work colleagues. Raising the volume of voice donations